The key to Los Angeles urban area densities is its small lot sizes that extend well into the outer suburbs, which is indicated by an aerial photo of outer suburbs 55 kilometers from Los Angeles (Figure 3). Indeed, the density of Los Angeles suburbs (in the urban area, but outside the city of Los Angeles) is 20% greater than that of the New York urban area, at 2,463, which also exceeds that of the San Jose urban area (below). The land areas of the 10 densest large urban areas in North America are illustrated in Figure 2. The US Census Bureau designated New York urban area covered 8,936 square kilometers in 2010, nearly double that of the Los Angeles urban area (4,496 square kilometers). New York covers the most land area of any large urban area in the United States or Canada, and using slightly different criteria the most land area in the world (see: Demographia World Urban Areas). In fact, the ultimate is New York itself. The high Los Angeles urban density has been problematic as both planners and media outlets have demonized it as the ultimate in urban expansion (pejoratively called urban sprawl). However, Toronto’s 2021 urban density is 50% greater than that of New York, and Los Angeles is 32% denser. The US Census Bureau has not announced a release date for the urban area data.Ĭomparing Toronto and Los Angeles to “Sprawling” New YorkĪnalysts are often surprised to find out that New York is not the highest density urban area in the United States, much less North America. It would thus not be surprising if the Los Angeles urban area population declined from its 2010 level. Nearly all of the Los Angeles urban area is in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, and the peripheral portions to the outside (Lancaster, Palmdale, Santa Clarita, Orange County south of Irvine) grew faster than the metropolitan area). The Los Angeles metropolitan area grew at a near zero rate of 0.2% annually from 2010 to 2020. The second ranked Los Angeles urban area seems sure to fall further behind Toronto, when the 2020 US census data is reported. The previous Toronto urban area density, from the 2016 census, was more than 10% above that of Los Angeles, which had 2,702 per square kilometer (comparable urban area data is not available for intercensal years). Number One Toronto and Number Two Los Angeles Thus, the urban population density of Vancouver in 2011 was understated in 2011, as was the population density of the Los Angeles urban area before 2000, which stretched well to the near mile-high crest of the San Gabriel Mountains. In 2011, considerable rural territory was included in the mountains above North Vancouver, West Vancouver, Port Moody, and Coquitlam (Figure 1). The difference is obvious in Statistics Canada maps of the Vancouver urban area in 2011 (before the building blocks were tightened) and 2016, when the revision took effect. In 20, US and Canadian census authorities redefined the building blocks of urban areas to be small enumeration districts, which largely exclude rural land, instead of municipalities, which can include substantial rural land. It only became possible to make more precise to make reliable urban density comparisons between Canadian and US urban areas five years ago. Urban areas and metropolitan areas are contrasted in detail in the “ Note on Urban Areas” below.
Within the media and even among academics, it is not unusual for metropolitan areas and urban areas to be confused. Urban areas are to be contrasted with metropolitan areas (labor markets), which are called Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) in Canada and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States (MSAs). Urban areas are called “population centres” in Canada, “built up urban areas” in the United Kingdom and have been called “urbanized areas” in the United States (though that term is proposed for discontinuation in the 2020 census, to be replaced by “urban areas.”). “Urban area” is the international term for continuously built-up urban development. Urban Areas (Population Centres in Canada) and Metropolitan Areas The Toronto population centre (urban area) has grown at a rate of 0.8% annually since the 2016 census, while increasing its urban density to 3,088 persons per square kilometer. Toronto seems guaranteed to retain its position as the densest urban area in North America (Canada and the United States), based on 2021 Census data recently released by Statistics Canada.
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